2022 LIPOOTI ʻO E VERSION INDONESIA : Papa Pellets Production mo e papa Pellet ʻInitonesia

ʻAkau pellets (Papa Pellet, UAP) ki he penisini (BB) prima donna ʻi he taimi ko ia tautautefito ʻi ha fonua kuo 4 ngaahi faʻahitaʻu ko ha fetongi lolo ki he malala (ʻi ha konga / fakaʻaufuli) ʻi ha fuʻu ʻakau malohi ʻo e malala, misini fakamomoa ʻo e ʻea, biomass sitou, pea fakamōmoa e ouau ʻo e foó. Lolotonga, ʻOku puleʻi ʻa e fakamaketi ʻo e UAP ʻi he fonua ʻaki ʻa e sipinga ʻo e kofukofu ʻaki ʻa e sitou pe sitou ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he famili (fetongi ʻo LPG), ʻa e fale ngaohiʻanga meʻakai hange ko e moa, tofu, gudeg Jogja, falekai / lotoʻaa meʻakai, ti fakamomoa kakaha / tapaka / koane / ika, entrepreneurs meʻakai fakapaku, etc. Herer ʻoku tau ʻoatu ʻa e papa pellet ʻInitonesia lipooti maʻa e kau kasitoma ʻoku nau fie maʻu ʻeni, lau ha meʻa lahi ange ki hoʻo pellet fai ha pisinisi.

Ko e fie maʻu lahi ko ia ke UAP ʻi he laine naʻe fakatupu ʻe he malala ʻa e ngaahi fonua ʻoku hiki atu (Kōlea Tonga, Siapani, Siaina, mo ʻInitia) ʻOku liliu mamalie ki he UAP ʻoku lelei, environmentally anga fakakaumeʻa, mo toloto (ʻOku mahino mei he fie maʻu ʻa e papa pellets ʻi he maketi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻoku vave ʻene tupu). ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe, ʻOku kamata mamalie foki ʻa Siaina ke ne taʻofi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e malala (maʻulalo calorie) maʻa hono kakai (koeʻuhi ko e ʻuli mo e kohu ʻo ha sulfur maʻolunga). ʻAositelēlia mo e U.S. ke fakasiʻisiʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e malala. ʻOku toe fetongi mamalie foki ʻe ʻInitonesia hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e malala ʻaki e papa pellets. (.ISO 8021:2014).

Totongi ʻo e malala koeʻuhi ko e hano fakafekefeka ʻo e taʻu faiva 2016, ko hono fakatupu ʻo e totongi maʻuʻanga tokoni malala (HBA) ʻo ʻInitonesia ʻi he maketi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga (Novema 2016) kamata metermites hake ki he $8489/ton kimuʻa, (Tisema 2016) US $6907/ton, naʻa mo e USD100/ton ʻi Tisema 2016, IE hoko ko e US $10169/ton. Neongo ia, ʻi he taʻu 2019, HBA toe foki mai ʻo hange ko e taʻu 2016, pea ʻe lava ke mamata ki ai ʻi he fakatātā ʻi ʻolungá (6322kcal/kg, FOB ipu). Naʻe tupu ia mei he holoa ʻa e fie maʻu mei Siaina mo ʻInitia, pea mo e influx ʻo e malala Faka-Lusia ki he ngaahi maketi ʻo ʻEsia, Siaina, mo ʻAositelēlia. ʻOku fokotuʻu ʻe he ivi mo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻa e malala ʻi he 2019 meimei toni ʻe 489. Konifelenisi kimuʻa 2018 pegged 485jt Toni, ka ko hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e 557 toni ʻe miliona.

ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe, fekauʻaki mo e 50 ʻo e kautaha ʻoku nau hoko ko e ngaahi hoa ngaue ʻo e konga fakataimi PJB langa ʻa e malohi ʻo e ngutu ʻo ʻeku (MOʻUNGA) (fakakatoa ʻo e 6GW) mo environmentally e ngaahi meʻa fakatekinolosia anga fakakaumeʻa ʻi he boilernya kae lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e exports (ʻa ia te ne hiki hake ʻa e totongi) ʻi he taimi pe ko ia ke vave hono fakatokangaʻi ʻe he polokalama ʻa e malohi ʻo e 35,000 MW. Faʻifaʻitakiʻanga: ʻAKAU malohi ʻo e MOʻUNGA Jambi (2x300MW); Riau (2x300MW); Sumsel 1, 6 (2x300MW, Tanjung Enim, 3t Toni ʻo e malala/taʻu, 2026), 8 (2x260MW, Huadian Bukit Asam Power 45% + Siaina Huadian 55%, Muara Enim, 5,4 toni malala/taʻu ʻe miliona); Kaselteng 3, 4, 5; Kaltim 3, 5 (200MW), 6, Muara Jawa; mo e ʻIunaiteti palau (2x15MW, Lotoloto Kalimantan).

Ko e taha ʻo e fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e malala ko hono fakaului ia ki syngas (synthetic kasa) ʻi gasification tekinolosia (gasification swapped) ke liliu e syngas ki he ʻuhila, pe ngaahi meʻa kehe hange ko e methanol, UEME, ʻamōmone, etc.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga ʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha malala ʻi he papa pellets:

• Ko e papa pellet ko e BB ia ʻo toloto (ʻoku ʻi ai maʻu pē, ʻe lava ke liliu ʻe he taimi pe ko ia ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e malala ʻi he kahaʻu), mo ha ʻatakai anga fakakaumeʻa, Neongo ʻoku ʻikai toloto ʻa e malala (consumable) pea siʻisiʻi ange environmentally anga fakakaumeʻa. Ko ia ai, ʻa e fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e malala ʻi he tuʻunga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga berkurang ki he survivalp. Ko ia, ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi faingamalie ke fakalahi ʻa e ʻuhila fakafonua ʻo fakafou ʻi BB Wood pellets.
• ʻOku tatau ʻa Calorie Papa pellets mo kalori malala maʻulalo.
• Ko hono ngaohi ʻo e kaponi maʻulalo ange ʻi he malala.
• Naʻe faʻu ʻe he totongi ʻo e ʻuhila ha pellets papa ke fetongi ʻaki ʻa e malala ʻo tatau mo e kasa fakanatula ko ia ʻoku maʻamaʻa ange ʻi he malala.
• Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he kau ngaue ʻa e malohi ʻo e ʻakau pellets (kau ai hono teuteuʻi ʻo e faʻunga ʻo e papa pellets) toe lahi ange (tānaki ha ngāue maʻuʻ), ʻa ia ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e 3.480 kakaí, Neongo ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he malohi ʻo e malala ʻa e malohi tatau ha kau ngaue fekauʻaki mo 2.540 kakaí. 2/10/2020 2/31
• ʻOku tuʻuloa ʻa e fie maʻu ʻo e papa pellets ʻi he taimi loloa ke fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e stakeholders ke fakatolonga mo fakaleleiʻi ʻa hono tokangaʻi ʻo e vaotaa, mo fakatupulaki ha fonua mahuʻinga (keliʻanga malala kimuʻa, koula, ngeEesi, seniti ʻe nima, mo e ala meʻa pehe.) ki ha vaota ʻo ha ngaahi fuʻu ʻakau lalahi pellets (e.g. papa Kaliandra mo (KM), Mahang / Macaranga Gigantean, Karamunting / Melastoma Malabatricum)
• ʻOku kei hokohoko atu pe ʻa e fie maʻu ke ʻi ai ha pellets papa ʻoku haʻu mei he ngaahi tuliki kotoa ʻo e mamani ki ʻInitonesia. ʻOku totonu ke fakaʻaongaʻi ia ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki e paʻanga hu mai ʻa e kolo
• ʻOku lava ʻe ʻInitonesia ʻo faʻu ha ʻuhila biomass ~ ki he 49.8 GW (Fie maʻu ʻe ʻInitonesia ha malohi fakafonua kehe 35 GW). Naʻe ʻakilotoa ʻa e meʻa ʻe malava ʻe he biomass 146.7 Naʻe maʻu ʻa e toni/taʻu ʻe miliona mei he toenga ʻo e laise (150GJ/konifelenisi), ulapapeni papa (120 GJ/taʻu), toenga ʻo e suka (78 GJ/taʻu), toenga lolo paame (67 GJ/taʻu), mo ha ngaahi maumau kehe (20GJ/yr).

Hangē ko ia ʻoku ʻiloʻí, Ko e WP ʻa e tokotaha ngaue ʻi he mamani 2013 (23.6 toni ʻe miliona) Naʻe hiki ia ko e siteiti ʻo Siapaní, Kōlea Tonga, Siaina (2 toni ʻe miliona), ʻIulope (12juta Toni) (foki mo e emitters lahi taha, ʻa ia ko Siamane, Sueteni, Lativia, mo Potukali), ʻa e US (3 toni ʻe miliona), Lūsia (2 toni ʻe miliona) mo Kānata (3 toni ʻe miliona).

Neongo ʻoku lava ʻe he ngaahi fonua ʻo e kau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e UAP ʻo faʻu ʻenau, ka ʻoku ʻikai pe ke nau lava ʻo feau e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e UAP TON ʻoku nau (fie maʻu ke hiki mai), koeʻuhi ko e tupu ʻa e fefie ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻo e talopiki ʻoku mamalie ange ia ʻi he ngaahi fonua fakatalopiki. Faʻifaʻitakiʻanga: ʻi he 2013, ʻa e fie maʻu ʻa ʻIulope ke 19 toni ʻe miliona [10 (vela) + 9 (ngaahi meʻa fakapisinisi)] (siʻi hifo 7juta Toni), Kānata (4juta Toni) (siʻi ange 1 toni ʻe miliona), ʻEsia (Siapani & Kōlea Tonga) siʻi ange 1 toni ʻe miliona. Ko e fonua ʻEsia hono ua ʻe hoko ko ha importer UAP lahi taha ʻi he taʻu ʻe hongofulu hono hoko (fakafuofua ke fekauʻaki mo e 5 toni ʻe miliona ʻo e konifelenisi 2020). Konifelenisi 2016, ʻOku hiki mai ʻe he faka-Siapani ʻa e UAP 400 Toni (Hili e fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e ivi fakaʻatomi ʻo Fukushima konifelenisi 2014), lolotonga ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he Kaousel 1.7 toni ʻe miliona.

Ko hono fokotuʻu ʻo e mamani ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi Toni 28juta (2015, ki he ʻea vela 15, ʻa e ngaue 13juta). Lolotonga,ʻOku kei hokohoko atu pe ʻa e tupu ʻa e fakamaketi ʻo e UAP fakamamani lahi ki he toʻu tangata ʻo e ʻuhila mo e vela ʻi he 14.1% ʻo e taʻu. Tahun 2020, ʻOku fie maʻu ʻa e fie maʻu ke puna ʻa e UAP ki he 80 toni ʻe miliona. Ko ia ai, ngaahi fonua ʻe niʻihi, hange ko ʻeni Kolea Tonga, Siapani, ʻIulope (hiki mai ~ 14juta ton/2014), he U.S., pea naʻe feinga ʻa Kanata ke maʻu ʻa e naunau ʻota ki ha fonua fakatalopiki ʻa ia ko e taha ʻo kinautolu ki ʻInitonesia. Ko e totongi ko ʻeni ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha meʻa ʻi ʻIulope (Suisalani, ʻAositulia, mo Siamane) ʻa ia ʻe lava ke mamata ki ai ʻi Gambar ʻi ʻolunga (~ centEuro/kg). Mahina Sepitema 2018, Ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e totongi WP ENplusA1 ʻi ʻAositilia ko 236,5 EUR/ton.

Talu mei he 2012, ʻOku targeting ʻe he Kaousel ʻa hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ivi toloto ʻo ʻikai toe siʻi hifo 2%, mo e taʻú 2022 ʻOku totonu ke fakahu ʻe hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e biomass ʻa e 10%, ʻa ia 60% ʻOku maʻu ia mei he UAP. Fepueli 2015, Ko e maketi ko e meʻa ia ʻoku fie maʻu ke lahi ange ʻi he 280,000 toni ki he ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e famili mo e meʻakai & faʻa ngaue. Fekauʻaki mo e 70,3% Ko e UAP Kaousel ko ha pellet mei feituʻu kehe (ʻInitonesia pe ʻoku ne ʻomi >7% ki he Kaousel, ʻi he 8.940 tonnes ʻo e 122.447 Toni ʻi he taʻu 2012, pea ʻoku hiki mai ʻa e toenga mei Lusia, Malesia, mo Vietinemi).

ʻI he taimi ko ia, totongi CIF UAP tukuhau ʻo e malaʻe vakapuna ʻInitonesia (US $131/tons, ʻi he malumalu ʻo e Vietinemi US $144/ton, mo Malesia US $141/tonne). Naʻe hoko atu ʻa mei feituʻu kehe mei ʻInitonesia mo e ʻi ai ʻa e kautaha kerma Kaousel Depian Co. Ltd. mo e konga fakataimi ʻo e Siteiti Inhutani III (fakatupulaki ʻa e fale ʻo e vaotaa 5000-8000Ha ʻi Pelaihari, Saute Kalimantan ʻo fakafou ʻi he konga fakataimi SL Agri kae lava ke export ʻa e UAP ki he 100,000 Toni, konifelenisi 2015). ʻI he kahaʻú, kuo fekumi ha ngaahi kulupu Kolea Tonga ʻe niʻihi ki he malava ko ia ke hiki mai ʻa e UAP mei ʻAositelelia, Vietinemi, ʻInitonēsia, ʻOtu Filipainí, Malesia, Taileni, Kānata, pea mo e US. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he kaousel ha fuʻu ʻakau malohi ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e UAP.

Hiki mai ʻa e UAP Kaousel ʻi he 2014 pea mo 2015 ʻOku ʻasi ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻimisi ʻo e tafaʻaki. ʻI he taʻu ko iá, Hiki atu ʻe ʻInitonesia ʻa e UAP 150,000 Toni (Malesia 60,000 Toni), ʻa ia ʻoku fekauʻaki pe mo 4%. Lolotonga, ngeʻesi fua ʻo e pame (Fale paame ʻo e pame) ʻo e ongo fonua naʻe hiki atu ki Siapani ʻi ha fanga kiʻi paʻanga siʻisiʻi. ʻOku hanga ʻe he ngaahi meʻa mafu ʻo hiki mai ʻa e UAP ʻaki ha totongi ʻi he (109-135) Fie maʻu ha papa pellets ʻi Kolea Tonga ko e maʻuʻanga ʻo e papa pellets ki he Kaousel 2/10/2020 3/31 Euro/ton (2015). ʻI he taimi ko ia, Kuo hiki atu ʻa Vietinemi ki he Kaousel ʻi he 71%.

Ki he fonua pemilik (laungeau/lauiafe ʻo e hectare) ʻi ʻInitonesia pea ʻoku nau mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he pisinisi ʻa WP, Kataki ʻo tokanga ki he kau ngaue muli (ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻ) ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakatau ʻa e efuefuʻi papa DN ʻaki ha totongi maʻamaʻa, koeʻuhi he te nau exportin ʻa e fotunga ʻo e UAP ki he Rok pe Siapani. Kuo pau ke ke faʻu ʻa e UAP ʻi he UEN pea export ia ki he laine.

Ko e lisi: ko e kau fakafofonga ʻo Kolea Tonga ʻi ʻInitonesia, ko e fakafofonga ʻInitonesia ki he Kaousel, ko e Tauʻatāina ke Filí / Kautaha ʻo e papa Pellet ʻi he Kaousel, mo Pengusaha / ʻE lava ke mamataʻi heni ʻa Importir Kaousel (Me 2014).

Naʻe fakafofongaʻi ʻe he consortium ʻo Kolea ʻa e pule ʻo e GIMCO naʻa ne fakamoʻoni ʻi ha fengaueʻaki (MOU) mo e Kemendes PDTT (mo e konga fakataimi Alam Bumi Cemerlang), kae lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e veve/weevil koane (3500-4500kCal/kg) (ʻi he 24 ngaahi vahefonuá) ki he papa pellets ke liliu koeʻuhi ke liliu ʻa e kolo ʻuhila ʻi he feituʻu ʻo e Transmigration, Labangka, Sumbawa, NTB. ʻE fio ʻa e Weevil mo e fuʻu ʻakau Gamal (4168kCal/kg, kakano ʻo e vaí ʻi he 24%, ʻOku ʻi ai e meʻa ʻi loto 2.97%) mo Calliandra (5000Ha) ke fakaʻaongaʻi ko e papa pellets pea hiki atu ki Kolea Tonga ke maʻu ha lolo PLTBm Kaousel. USD400juta to pe ke fakapaʻanga ʻa e fale ngaohiʻanga papa pellets 400.000 Toni/taʻu mo e PLTBm 30MW ʻi Sumbawa.

Efuefuʻi papa, mohuku laise/uite, ngeʻesi laise (3300kcal/kg), bagasse / bagasse (suka-ʻoku ʻi ai 2.5%, ko e mahuʻinga calorific ʻo e 1.825 kcal), ngaahi vaʻa ʻo e koane/sorghum, veve ʻi he Lauʻiʻakau, musie, mafesifesingofua, Paame EFB (tankos Paame), pea ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi konga ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau kuo lau ko e maumau ko ha maʻuʻanga ʻo e UAP. Naʻe kamata ke tupu vave ʻa e ngaahi pisinisi ʻi he papa ʻoku siʻisiʻi hono tokangaʻi, mo e ivi maʻolunga ʻo hange ko e maumau tsb. Hangē ko ʻení: Petai Siaina (Leucaena leucocephala), calliandra kulokula (KM) (Caliandra calothyrsus), mo e Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Ko e taumuʻa ʻo hono ngaohi ʻo e UAP ko e calorific mahuʻinga ʻo e ʻakau ʻoku maumauʻi ʻe fakaleleiʻi kae lava ke BB-calorie ʻa e malala (5.000 – 6.000 kcal), ʻa ia ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e 4.200 – 4.800 kcal mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai e 0.5-3%.

Kaliandra kulokula (KM) Ko e naunau ia ʻo e lelei taha ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he siaine faka-Siaina, Maʻuʻanga Fakamatala, mo sengon buton mei he tafaʻaki ʻo e vave ke tupu. Ko e ivi ʻoku ʻi he KM 4600kkal/kg, ʻoku 7.400 kcal/kg, 1 kilo ʻo e pellets KM ʻoku tatau ia mo e ivi thermal ʻo e 5.35 kWh pe ʻuhila 1,355 kWh. Fakatupulaki ʻo e kelekele ʻi hono fakaleleiʻi ʻo e nitrogen ʻi he kelekele, pea mo e mamafa ʻo e faʻahinga, koeʻuhi ke lava ʻo maʻulalo ange ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai. Makehe mei ai, ʻe lava ke aʻu ʻa e lifespan ʻo e KM ki he 29 ngaahi taʻu ʻo e tō, pea ʻe lava pē ke utu 2 tuʻo taha he taʻu, ko ia ʻoku fie maʻu 1.5 ngaahi taʻu ke fakatupu ai ha ʻuhila. ʻE lava ʻe ha KM ʻe taha ʻo ngaohi ʻa e papa 20-65m3/taʻu pe 20-35ton/taʻu. To density ʻo e siʻisiʻi taha ʻo e 5000 ʻuluʻakau/ha (Vahavaha ʻo 1x2m), ʻe lava pe ke teuteuʻi ʻo maʻolunga tatau mo e 1m ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e kelekele ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻoku toutou hoko 4 ngaahi māhiná (3 x ʻi he taʻu) ʻi he taimi ʻoku moʻui lelei mo lahi ai e ne tafea. ʻI he malumalu ʻo e Niu (maama ʻo e 60%), ʻE lava ke to ʻa e KM ko ha fuʻu ʻakau filler.

Ke maʻu ha ivi ʻo e 100kW, ʻa e totongi ʻo e tokateu fekauʻaki mo e Rp.5.5 billion (Sanuali 2017) kau ai ʻa hono ʻomi ʻo e fonua mahuʻinga 30Ha (fonua ʻoku totongi Rp. 1.5 M ki he 20 ngaahi taʻu, seedlings, mo tō / tokangaʻi ʻo e 250,000 ʻuluʻakau).

ʻOku ʻikai ngata pe ʻi he hoko ʻa e KM ko ha naunau ʻota ki he UAP, ʻa e lauʻiʻakau ko e fafanga ki he fanga monumanu (ivi maʻolunga), pea ʻi ai ʻa e tokanga ʻo hange ko e fanga hone (ngaohi ʻo e huhuʻaʻi hone (huhuʻaʻi hone hinehina kaliandra) ʻOku maʻu ia mei he huʻamelie ʻo e matalaʻiʻakau KM ʻiloa ʻi he mamani. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe ha KM ʻe taha ha huhuʻaʻi hone 1 ton/taʻu (1000 kilo x Rp. 50.000/kilo = Rp. 50miliona/yr = Rp. 4,170,000/mahina), ka ʻi ʻIulope ʻe lava ke aʻu ki 2 Toni/konifelenisi) ki he 15 taʻu ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha faitoʻo. Ko e ofi ʻa e fanga hone ʻoku nau fekumi ki he huʻamelie ʻi he kilomita ʻe 5.

ʻOku tupu lelei ʻa e KM ʻi ha tuʻuʻanga ʻo e 400-600m ʻi he fukahi tahi, pH ~ 5, mo ha kiʻi vai siʻisiʻi. ʻE toe ngaue foki ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau ko e ʻakau ʻoku ʻufiʻufi ʻaki e kelekele (Perdu) (kelekele fertilising / fakapotopotoʻi ʻo e fonua / fakataulama ʻi he kelekele sloping / kelekele keli hange ko e ngeEesi, malala, koula, seniti ʻe nima, mo e ala meʻa pehe.) koeʻuhi ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei he lomaki pea liliu e fonua ke mahuʻinga, momoa, ʻoneʻone, mo e paʻa, koeʻuhi he ʻoku hoko ia ko ha ki ai fafanga ʻo e kelekele, naʻe puna ʻa e ngaahi aka ʻo e fanga kiʻi manu ki he kelekele, pea mo e ngaahi aka pelepelengesi ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku aʻu hake ki he fukahi kelekelé. ʻOku ngaue ʻa e KM ke tauhi maʻu ʻa e tauhi ʻo natula.

Ko ha ngaahi sipinga ʻo e tuʻuʻanga ʻo e pn KM:

• Gamal mo calliandra to ʻi Sumbawa 5000 Ha.
• 100batang ʻe lauiafe ʻi he fonua mahuʻinga ʻi he Wonogiri ʻi he fengaueʻaki mo e ngaue ʻa PDT;
• P Singkep (Kep Riau) (ʻi he fonua ʻo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga kimuʻa);
• Gorontalo Utara (Konga fakataimi Citra Makmur kencana).
• Ko ha sipinga ʻo e fakalakalaka ʻo e KM ko ha UAP (ET) fetongi ʻo e malalá ʻe he ngaahi kautaha ʻoku ʻikai kau ki ai e puleʻangá (ʻikai ha tokoni fakapuleʻanga) ʻOku fakahoko ia ʻi Butur (Kab. Buton Noate, Prov. Sulawesi Tonga-hahake). ʻI he kamataʻanga naʻe km pe ʻa e nesilii 100,000 tupu ʻa e ʻuluʻakau ʻi Kulbar (excl. Kalisusu Hihifo) ʻi he liliu (Feʻaveʻaki ʻo e kau toutai Tani ʻInitonesia) Butur, mo ha ngaahi fuʻu ʻakau ʻe 1 million ʻi he kahaʻu. MOU mo e ivi fakataimi ʻInitonesia (fale ngaohiʻanga UAP) Naʻe fakamoʻoni hingoa ke fakatau ʻa e ngaahi MAILE mei he kau fama.

Ko e founga hono ngaohi ʻo e papa pellets:

• Teuteuʻi kimuʻa e ngaahi nāunaú
• Faʻo ʻi he misini fakamomoa ʻo e misini fakamomoa kae lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻi he vai kae ʻoua kuo aʻu ki 10%
• Fakahu ʻa e efu momoa (kuo tuifio ia mo tapioca mahoaʻa; ʻikai fie maʻu ke bagas, koeʻuhi he kuo ʻosi ʻi ai ʻa e suka) ki he lomiʻi mo e fakamafanaʻi takai 180 oC ki he kau tameʻalea ʻo e pellets mo e ikuʻanga ʻo e cylindrically berdiamater 6-10 MM loloa, 1-3 cm, mo ha density ʻo 650 kilo/m3. Calliandra Calothyrsus ʻoku huhu ʻe he fanga hone ʻa e ʻelito ʻo e matalaʻiʻakau KM 2/10/2020 4/31
• Kofukofuʻi/puha ʻo e, ʻave ki he ngaahi faʻahi kehé

Ko e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻo e koloa BB pellets

Ko e ngaahi tefitoʻi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻo e pellets ko ʻeni ko, ngaahi vaʻa koane, mohuku uite, mohuku laise, ngeʻesi pinati (4644 kcal/kg), koane cobs, mafesifesingofua vavae, tefito ʻo e piini, vao (musie vao), mafesifesingofua, lauʻiʻakau, efuefuʻi papa, mo e ngaahi fuʻu ʻakau kehe ʻoku maumau. Hili hono haveki ʻo e naunau ʻota, pea lomiʻi leva, pea paaki, faʻu ki ha fotunga pellet ke ne ʻoange ʻa e malohi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Lola pea mate ʻi he naunau. Naʻe ʻuluaki 130kilo/m3 ʻa e density ʻo e naunau, ka ʻoku kaka hake ʻa e density ʻo e pellets ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 1100kg/m3, ko ia ʻoku faingofua ai hono tauhi mo ditranspor, pea pehe ki hono fakahoko ʻo e penisini.

Efuefuʻi papa Pellets

Ko e laine ʻo e efuefuʻi papa pellets: fakatau ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota, tānaki ʻo e ngaahi nāunaú, fakamōmoá, pelletizing mo hono faʻo. ʻOku ʻakilotoa ʻa e vai ʻo e efuefuʻi papa 30-45% pea mo e totongi ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota ʻaki 21.05 – 24,29 USD/ton. ʻE lava ke aʻu e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ʻo e calorific mahuʻinga 4.000 – 4.500 kcal.

Pellets mafesifesingofua

Ko e laine ʻo e pellets mafesifesingofua: ko hono fakatau ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota, ʻa e laiki, fakamōmoá, pelletizing, mo hono faʻo. Ko e totongi ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota ~ 16, 19 USD/ton. Calorific mahuʻinga ʻo e pellets mafesifesingofua maʻulalo ange ʻi he efuefuʻi papa pellets.

Founga hono ngaohi:

fakatau ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota, fakamōmoá, pelletizing, mo hono faʻo. Ko e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e naunau ʻoku makatuʻunga ia ʻi he vahaʻataimi ʻo e to. ʻE lava ke tauhi lelei ʻa e ngaahi nāunaú kotoa ʻi he taimi totonu, pea fakamōmoa, mo e pelletizing. Ko e meʻa ʻi he vai ʻi sugarcane ʻoku fekauʻaki ia mo 20-25%. ʻOku maʻolunga e mahuʻinga ʻo Pellets bagasse 3.400-4.200 kcal (kimuʻa pea pelletizing pe ʻi he 1825 kcal, pea ʻi he taimi ʻoku bagasse ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ne fakaʻaongaʻi pe ʻa e kasa mei he Simini ʻo e kettle, Naʻe to ʻa e kakano ʻo e pulp ʻi he 40%, pea hoko ʻa e calorific mahuʻinga ko e 2305kKal).

Pellets bagasse (bagasse) ʻOku bioenergy ha taha foʻou. ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ia ko ha meʻa fakamafana vavaa, sitou, poila vai vela mo e ngaahi meʻa fakapisinisi, PLTBm, mo ha ngaahi. ʻOku ne hoko ko ha fetongi ʻo e fefie, malala, lolo penisini, mo LPG. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ivi ʻo e Bagasse pea ʻoku maʻolunga e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e penisini. ʻOfaʻanga, ngaahi meʻa ʻi loto ʻi he ~ 6%.

Ko e meʻa ʻe malava ʻe he bagasse ʻi ʻInitonesia ko 30 Toni/ha/taʻu. Lolotonga, tokotoko ʻo e suka Fakaʻelia (2014) ʻo e 447.000 Ha [63,46% ʻOku ʻi Siava, ko e toenga ʻoku 36,54% mavahe mei Siava], pea ko e meʻa ʻe malava ʻe he bagasse ko ha fakakatoa ʻo e 13,41 toni/taʻu ʻe miliona, ʻa ia ko e feituʻu ia ʻo e cropping holo ʻe 6% fakafehoanaki ki he taʻú 2013, (470.198 Ha). Ko ia ai, kae lava ke feau e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e suka TON pea fakasiʻisiʻi e mei feituʻu kehe ʻo e suka, Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he puleʻanga ha ngoueʻanga suka ʻo hange ko 500,000 Ha ʻi he Tonga-hahake Sulawesi, P., Aru mo Merauke, pea pehe ki he langa 10 ngaahi fale suka foʻou DN. ʻI he kahaʻú, ʻe ʻi ai mo ha toe bagasse ʻo e 15 Toni/taʻu.

ʻOku maʻu ʻa e maumau lahi ʻo e suka mei he ngaahi ola ʻo e faingataʻaʻia ʻa e nira ʻi he Lotali drum filter ʻoku ui ko e filter keke. ʻI he taimi ʻoku momoa ai, ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi fakahangatonu ʻa e foʻi keke filter ko ha lolo ʻi peito ki he feimeʻatokoni. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e foʻi keke filter ki he compost.

Ko hono fili ʻo e molomoloki mo e patiseti ko e totongi ʻo Pellet Mila Bagasse ʻi he papa Pellet ʻInitonesia

ʻOku totonu ke tuʻu ʻa e bagasse Mila ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi naunau ʻota, maʻamaʻa mo ofi ki he malaʻe vakapuna/Pooti ke fakafaingofuaʻi e fefonongaʻaki ʻa e koloa, ko ia ko e totongi ʻo e ngaahi naunau ʻota mo e ngaahi fakamole kehe (ngaue, fale tukuʻanga koloa, tokangaʻi ʻo e fakamole, mo e ala meʻa pehe.) lava ke fakahaofi ʻo hange ko e maʻulalo. Ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻo e legality ʻo e fale mo fakangofua e ngaahi ngaueʻanga: TDI, SIUP, HOI, IMB, etc. ʻoku fie maʻu ke mateuteu. Tohi Fakamoʻoni ki hono hiki atú (SVLK) pea mo e tohi fakamoʻoni ʻo e koloa (hange ko ʻeni mei Sucofindo,mo e SGS) ʻoku teuteuʻi foki mo kinautolu.

Ko e ʻuluaki pellet Mila bagasse ʻi he 112.414 USD mo ha ivi ʻo e 1 ton/h (ʻe lava ke fakalahi ʻa e malava ke 6 Toni/houa ke tānaki atu e meʻangāue ʻoku fie maʻú).

Ngaahi fale fakahu paʻanga ʻi he 19.271 USD mo ha feituʻu faliki ʻo e 6.000 m2.

ʻUluaki ʻinivesimeni ʻo e meʻangaue ʻi he 72.266 USD kau ai ʻa e dryers 24.089 USD, stranding ʻaa Pellets Bagasse 2/10/2020 5/31 1.927 USD, kapineti ʻuhila 1.927 USD, misini pellet (1 ton/h) 25.695 USD, etc.

Ko e kolomuʻa ʻo e ngaue ʻi he 40.148 USD ki he ʻuluaki tauhiʻanga ʻo e ngaahi naunau mo e fakatau kimuʻa ʻo e koloa.

ʻI he taimi ʻoku tuʻu maʻu ai e maketi mo e tafa, te ke lava ʻo fakatupulaki hoʻo tokateu. Misini fakamomoa 24.089 ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e USD ki he 3 ngaohiʻanga mahoaʻa pellet, te ke lava pe ʻo tanaki atu ʻi Stranding ʻaa, misini pellet, mo conveyor. ʻI he taimi ʻoku laka hake ai ʻi he toko tolu ʻa e pellet Mila, pea ʻoku fie maʻu leva ke tanaki atu ʻa e misini fakamomoa pea ʻoku fie maʻu ke hikiʻi hake ha loli. ʻOku fie maʻu ke fakakaukauʻi ʻa e misini mokomoko ʻo ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi tukunga ʻo e faiva.

Wood Pellet ʻInitonesia totongi & Fakaikiiki ʻo e masini Pellets Bagasse

Taumuʻa ʻo e pisinisi: 500 Toni/mahina (kamataʻangá). ʻI he taimi ʻoku fai ai e tafa angamaheni, ʻe lava ke fakalahi ʻa e faiva fakamahina ki he 1,500 Toni pe 3,000 Toni. Koloa fakataʻu fekauʻaki mo e 30,000 Toni.

ROI Pellets Bagasse:

• Ko e totongi ʻo e naunau sugarcane bagasse: 19,45 USD/ton
• Totongi ʻo e fefonongaʻakí: 3,24 USD/tonne [totongi hono faʻo mo e fakamole ki tuʻa]
• Ko e Ikunaʻi ʻo: 0
• Ko e misini fakamomoa ʻuhila: 1,39 USD/ton [7,5 fakamomoa ʻo e misini ʻuhila kV 0.7 Toni/HR]
• Ko e uta ʻuhila: 11,67 USD/ton [90kW misini ʻuhila pellet 1 ton/j]
• Ko Hono Faʻo: 5,19 USD/ton [25kilo/tangai; 0,13 USD/tangai]
• Kau ngāué-fakahangatonu: 8,10 USD/ton [1 meʻangāue ki he 8 kau ngāué, 11,34 USD ki he 1 kau ngāué ʻi he ʻaho pē ʻe taha]
• Ko e totongi ʻo e molomoloki: 5,33 USD/ton [19.434 USD ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e 10 ngaahi taʻu]
• Ko e totongi ʻo e meʻangaue: 3,25 USD/ton [meʻangaue 80.976 USD ki he 26 ngaahi ʻaho/māhina ʻi he 5 ngaahi ʻaho ʻo hono fakaʻaongaʻí]
• Totongi ʻo e tokanga: 4,86 USD/ton [totongi ʻo e mate / kuo motuʻa e mata ʻo e felts]
• FAKAKĀTOA E totongí: 62,48 USD/ton

Ko hono fikaʻi ʻo e paʻanga hu mai: Fakakātoa ʻo e Totong: 62,48 USD/ton; fakatau atu e totongi ʻo e pellets ʻi he fuʻu ʻakau: 97,17 USD/ton; tupu ʻa e kupenga ki ha taha ʻo e 34.69 USD. Kapau ko hono ngaohi fakamahina ʻo e 500 Toni, ʻOku tupu fakamahina ʻa e kupenga 17.345 USD.

Lolotonga, ROI Sawdust pellets

• Ko e totongi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻota ʻaki e efuefuʻi papa: 22,67 USD/ton
• Totongi ʻo e fefonongaʻakí: 4,86 USD/ton [totongi hono faʻo mo e fakamole ki tuʻa]
• Ko e Ikunaʻi ʻo: 0
• Ko e misini fakamomoa ʻuhila: 2,08 USD/ton [7,5 fakamomoa ʻo e misini ʻuhila kV 0.7 Toni/HR]
• ʻOku pellet ngaohiʻanga mahoaʻa ʻa e ʻuhila: 15,16 USD/ton [90kW misini ʻuhila pellet 1 ton/j]
• Ko Hono Faʻo: 5,18 USD/ton [25kilo/tangai; 0,13 USD/tangai]
• Kau ngāué-fakahangatonu: 8,10 USD/ton [1 meʻangāue ki he 8 kau ngāué, 11,34 USD ki he 1 kau ngāué ʻi he ʻaho pē ʻe taha]
• Ko e totongi ʻo e molomoloki: 5,33 USD/ton [19.434 USD ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e 10 ngaahi taʻu]
• Ko e totongi ʻo e meʻangaue: 3,25 USD/ton [meʻangaue 80.976 USD ki he 26 ngaahi ʻaho/māhina ʻi he 5 ngaahi ʻaho ʻo hono fakaʻaongaʻí]
• Totongi ʻo e tokanga: 5,83 USD/ton [totongi ʻo e mate / kuo motuʻa e mata ʻo e felts]
• FAKAKĀTOA E totongí: 72,46 USD/ton

Ko hono fikaʻi ʻo e paʻanga hu mai: Fakakātoa ʻo e Totong: 72,46 USD/ton; fakatau atu e totongi ʻo e pellets ʻi he fuʻu ʻakau: 137,65 USD/ton; ʻOku tupu ʻa e kupenga ʻi ha ton ʻe taha 65,19 USD. Kapau ko hono ngaohi fakamahina ʻo e 500 Toni, ʻOku tupu fakamahina ʻa e kupenga 32.595 USD.

Papa Pellet ʻInitonesia laise mohuku/uite/Grass/hange ko

Ko ha sipinga ʻeni ʻo ha fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻangaue ki hono faʻu ʻo e pellets mei he mohuku laise / uite ʻoku ʻi ai ha pellets 200-300 kilo/h. ʻE lava foki ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he ngaahi misini pehee ha ngaahi naunau kehekehe hange ko e papa, bagasse, ngaahi vaʻa / kili ʻo e koane / sorghum, ngeʻesi pinati, bagasse jatropha, kili ʻo e kofi, ko ha fuʻu ʻakau ʻoku tupu vave, ko e tefito ʻo ha ʻaofinima (ʻo e 8.6 ton/ha, 3650kCal/kg) efuefuʻi papa, ngaahi laʻi pepá, mo e tele papa. ʻOku kau ʻi he misini ʻa e fale ngaohiʻanga hamala, ngaohiʻanga mahoaʻa pellet, mokomoko, vibrated pellet separator fakanaunau ʻaki e efu catcher ke taʻofi e ʻuli ʻa e efu. Hange ko ia ʻoku ʻiloʻi lelei, Ko e mohuku mōmoá ko e meʻa ia ʻoku hamolemole mo fefeka hono tataʻó. Ko ia ai, ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he misini ha foʻi sikalu conveyor ʻa ia ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu pau mo e hopper kehe, koeʻuhi ke lava ʻe he tokotaha ngaue ʻo tanaki atu ʻa e efuefuʻi papa mo e ngaahi laʻi pepa kae lava ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e pellets. Kapau ʻoku fuʻu viviku ʻa e tohoakiʻi atu, pea ʻoku fie maʻu leva ke tanaki atu ʻa e misini fakamomoa.

Faʻahinga sipinga kehekehe ʻo e ngaahi misini kehe (tapuni, hoko atu / ʻi he loli, he misini tote, ko ha fuʻu meʻa lahi mo siʻisiʻi) lahi e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku lava ke maʻu ʻi he maketi laine [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]; DN [1, 2, 3] ke ngaohi pellets mei he ngaahi naunau biomass kehekehe.

Fakafehoanaki ʻo e Pellet mohuku (ke pellet ʻi he ngeʻesi laise ) ʻoku: Meʻa ʻi loto ʻi he vai: 8-10% (15- 30%); meʻa ʻi loto 3% (15-20%); calorific mahuʻinga: 18,5 MJ/kg (13,98 MJ/kg) pe 4422 kCal/kg (3341 kCal/kg). ʻOku fakatupu ʻe he afi ʻo e mohuku pellets ʻa e kaponi ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he tupulaki ʻa e biomass ʻo e hoko mai.

ʻE lava ʻe hono faʻu ʻo e pellets ʻo e mohuku ʻo fakalahi ʻa e density ʻo e ngeʻesi laise, fakasiʻisiʻi e fakamole ki he ʻave, ʻa e ivi ʻo e kaka hake (4422kKal/kg), meʻa ʻoku maʻulalo (3%), pea ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e afi ʻo e pellets mohuku ko ko ki ai fafanga ki he tupu ʻa e ʻakau.

Ngaahi sitepu ʻi hono faʻu ʻo e pellet mohuku ʻo e papa Pellet ʻInitonesia

1. Ko e mavahe ʻa e mohuku mei he ngaahi meʻa kehe.
2. Dozing mohuku. Kimuʻa pea ʻave ʻa e mohuku ki he feeder, Kuo pau ke fakasiʻisiʻi ia ki ha lahi ʻo e teunga (15%, ʻOku fie maʻu ke fakaʻaongaʻi ha misini fakamomoa ʻo e drum Lotali.
3. Fakamōmoa ʻo e mohukú. ʻOku faʻa momoa ʻa e mohuku ʻi he ʻea ʻaki ha vai ʻo e 15%, koeʻuhi ke

ʻikai fie maʻu ke fakamōmoa e mohukú. Neongo ia, Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻa ʻi he vai >15%, ko hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ha misini fakamomoa ʻo e

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻa e drum Lotali.

4. Pelletizing ʻi he misini pellet. Hili hono foua e founga ʻo e pulping mo e fakamomoa, ʻOku ʻave ʻa e mohuku ki he misini pellet mohuku ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi conveyor leta (conveyor). ʻI he tokoni ʻa e malohi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e mate mo e misini ngaue, ʻOku lomiʻi ʻa e pellet mohuku pea kosi ʻo fakatatau ki he loloa ʻoku fie maʻu (6MM mo e 8mm).
5. Mokomoko ʻo e mohuku pellets. Ke lava ʻo tauhi e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e pellets lolotonga e tukuʻanga koloa mo hono tokangaʻi, ʻOku totonu ke ʻita ʻa e Output ʻo e pellets mohuku ʻi he mafana ʻo e ʻea ʻi he ʻea ki he mafana ʻo e loki pe kiʻi maʻolunga ange ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e misini mokomoko ʻo e kau fakafepaki ki he ʻea.

Ngaahi fonua ʻoku ngaohi ʻaki e laise (10) ʻOku fakatuʻutamaki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e misini pellet mohuku ke recycle e ivi mei he mohuku ko Siaina, ʻInitia, ʻInitonēsia, Bangladesh, Vietinemi, Taileni, ʻOtu Filipainí, Mianima, Palasila, mo Siapani.

Ko e kahaʻu ʻo e papa Pellet Indonesai (coupling mo PLTPk)

ʻAkau pellets (UAP) kamata ha ngaahi faʻu lahi. ʻOku ʻi ai ha faingamalie malohi ʻe hoko ai ha tafea ʻi he UEN mo e LAINE ʻe lava ke maumauʻi ki he totongi. Vakaiʻi ʻa e totongi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻi heni mo e ʻimisi (hoko maí). Importers ʻo e laine ke kamata tui ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e lelei taha, ka ʻoku maʻamaʻa ʻa e totongi. Ko ia ai, Ko e taimi ia ke teuteuʻi ai ʻe he kau tangata pisinisi ʻa ʻenau pisinisi mo:

1. Ko hono ʻomi ʻo e UAP ki ha fuʻu ʻakau malohi ke fetongi ʻaki e malala / fakaʻaufuli (fakamoʻoni hingoa ʻi he MoU mo e malohi ʻo e malala).
2. Ko hono langa ʻo e malohi ʻo e ʻakau Pellets (PLTPk; PLTBm = biomass; sīpinga ʻi Siapani) ʻi DN / feituʻu fakalotofonua ʻi he fale ngaohiʻanga UAP.
3. To ha fuʻu ʻakau ututaʻu vave, ʻe lava ke tupu pea lelei ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ʻi he fonua mahuʻinga / keli (ngeEesi, malala, koula, zircon, kopa, seniti ʻe nima, mo e ala meʻa pehe.) ki he ngaahi naunau ʻo e tuʻunga lelei ʻo e UAP, hange ko kaliandra kulokula (sitou vela ofi ki he lanu pulu).
4. Poupouʻi ʻa e socialization ʻo hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e UAP & sitou (ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻ / ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻ) ki he koló (ko ha fetongi ʻo e 3 kilo LPG BBGas ʻoku faingataʻa ke maʻu he taimi ni). ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he kolo ʻi he fale ngaohiʻanga ʻo e fale ngaohiʻanga koloa ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fie maʻu ke fakatau ʻaki e totongi fale.

Naʻe fakataumuʻa ia ke puke ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e UAP ʻi he malohi fakafonua pea fakaava ha ngaahi ngaue foʻou ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he kakai ʻi he fale ngaohiʻanga UAP, hangē ko ʻení:

• Konga austral Byna langa PLTPk 100MW (totongi 10MW takitaha Rp150miliar) ʻi Mantuil Banjarmasin, Muara Teweh (Kab. Barito Utara) Lotoloto Kalimantan, mo e Hahake Kalimantan.
• PLNE fakataimi (Prima tokoni fakaʻenisinia fakafonua) fekauʻaki mo e kerma (MOU) mo e vahe, Morowali, Sulawesi Lotoloto, langa PLTBm 10MW (totongi Rp. 30miliar ʻi he 2 ngaahi taʻu, FS 6 ngaahi māhiná) mo e naunau calliandra calothyrsus mafola ʻi Morowali (200Ha).
• KONGA FAKATAIMI EMI (Puleʻi ʻo e ivi ʻInitonesia) langa PLTPk ʻi he 5-10MW (ivi UAP KM: 4.800kKal, biochar ~ 7.500 kcal) ʻi Purworejo, Siava Lotoloto (mo e fuʻu ʻakau ko e luas 10 Ha) fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e UAP ʻo e KM ʻaki ha ivi ʻo e 36.000 Toni/taʻu. Maumauʻi / ʻOku kei lava pe ke ngaohi ʻa e ki ai fafanga ki hono toe fakafoki mai ʻo e fonua ʻa ia ʻoku mafola lahi ʻi ʻInitonesia (mamani hono 4). Naʻe tupulaki ʻa PLTPk ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe ʻi ʻInitonesia. Ko e naunau ʻota (KM) maʻu mei he sosaieti ʻo Wonosobo, Magelang, Kebumen, ki Banyumas.
• ʻOku palani ʻa e kulupu Korindo ke langa PLTBm (ʻakau pellets) 10MW ʻi Jayapura, Pāpua. Ko ha subsidiary ʻo e Korindo, Konga fakapitoi Tunas Sawaerma, ʻi he fengaueʻaki mo e puleʻanga Papua fakangatangata pea mo e Regency ʻo Jayapura, ke kole ke maʻu ha fonua 12.000 Ha ʻa ia ʻoku fakafuofua ki 7,200 Ha ki he fonua ki HTI (Ngaahi vaota ʻo e ngoueʻanga lalahi, ʻi he fotunga ʻo ha fuʻu ʻakau ʻo Eucalyptus Pellita mo e Jabon kulokula naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he konga fakataimi Biomass Papua Lestari) mo e PLTBm (fai ʻe he piokalafi Green Jayapura). Neongo ia, naʻa nau tau ʻi he fonua angamaheni, pea kuo teʻeki ai ke fai ha aleapau mo e kolo fakalotofonua.

Ko e totongi ʻo e papa Pellet ʻInitonesia(liliu ʻo fakatatau ki he meʻakai & fie maʻu):

ʻApi (totongi ʻo e fale ngaohiʻanga, ʻEke-ngaahi ngaue) ($115-125)

• Sakata Rp. 1700/kg,
• Banten Rp. 1600/kg
• Uesi Siava Rp. 1600/kg,
• Lotoloto Siava Rp. 1600/kg
• Siava Hahake Rp. 1550/kg.
• ʻI muli: FOB $140/ton; CIF $ 160/ton

Vakaiʻi pe ko e fe ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻinasi ʻo e UAP ʻi ʻInitonesia? fetuʻutaki ki he tokotaha fetuʻutaki ʻi he [email protected] ko ʻeni

Fakatuʻutamaki ʻa e ngaue ki he papa Pellets

ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke ngaohi ai ʻa e UAP, fakakaukau foki ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e moʻui lelei mo e malu ʻa e kau ngaue:

• Ko e fakatuʻutamaki ʻo e efu pellets ʻi he feituʻu ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau,
• Bd kona – kasa CO ʻi he storage UAP (ʻilo fakangatangata, Hopper, feituʻu ʻataʻataa); pea mo
• Bd kebakaran ʻi he fale ngaohiʻanga UAP, ʻakau malohi, etc.

Fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻa e biomass maumau ki he UAP ʻi ho ʻatakai

• Fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻa e toenga ʻo e ngaahi koloa ngoue ʻoku ʻikai hano mahuʻinga, hange ko ʻeni tupu & ngaahi vaʻa koane, ko e tefito ʻo e manioké, bagasse (4476kcal / kilo ʻe), kofe (4105kcal / kilo ʻe), ngeʻesi laise & mohuku laise, ngaahi fuaʻiʻakau ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai ha lolo Paame, mafesifesingofua, veve, efuefuʻi papa, kelekele foʻi nati ngeʻesi fingota (4644kcal / kilo ʻe), ʻulu kelo, Sengon buto (3948KCal / kilo ʻe, meʻa ʻi loto he hauhaú ʻo e 14.21%, meʻa ʻi loto 1.08 peseti ʻe), etc. ki he UAP

Kapau ʻoku ke fie fakaava ʻa e fonua, lau ʻa e papa maumau ʻoku lava ke maʻu pea lomiʻi ia ki he UAP, ʻo hange ko addan paʻanga hu mai (ko ha naunau penisini PLTBm / malohi ʻo e malala ʻi ʻapi, hiki atu ki he LN, lolo ki he tofunanga, ngaahi meʻangāue ʻi ʻapí, falekai, Senita ʻoku ʻi ai e, mo e ala meʻa pehe.); kae ʻikai ʻi hono tutu ʻo e vao ʻakau ʻa ia ʻe fekauʻaki mo e ifi tapaka ki he ngaahi tuliki kotoa ʻo e mamani.

Ngaahi sipinga ʻo e kau faʻu papa Pellet misini

ʻI he Siteiti (DN)

• Konga fakataimi Toba Green, Medan, Sumatra Noate
• ʻI HE (Dahlan Iskan) (ʻo fakafou ʻi he SDI fakataimi, Sociopreneur ki he koeʻuhi ko ʻInitonesia) fakaafeʻi e kau ako ʻo e SMK ngaohi misini UAP (1 ton / h) kae lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e to ʻo e papa KM ʻi he 30 Ngaahi Vahefonuá (Kalimantan Hahake, NTB, Riau , Lampung, Bengkulu, etc). SDI e misini langa fakataimi mo e PLTBm, pea te ne fakatau ha KM mei he kakai. Ko ʻene moto ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kolo ʻa e ngaue mo e paʻanga hu mai (mei hono teuteuʻi ʻo e UAP, fanga pulu mo e fanga kosi, fanga pulú mo e fanga hone) pea pehe ki hono maʻu ʻo e malohi.

Ko e puleʻanga ʻo e misini (UKM), ngaahi misini ngaohiʻanga koloa ʻa e 400-600kg/h mo e 800-1000kg/h; Malang, Siava Hahake.

ʻI muli (LN)

• Tokotaha ngaohi kapeti ʻo e Siaina

  

Fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e kautaha ʻo e ngaahi misini ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e papa pellets, ha meʻangaue fakafoʻituitui pe fengaueʻaki mo ha ngaahi meʻa kehekehe ʻe lava ke ngaohi ʻaki ʻa e 1.5 Toni/houa ki he 12 ʻOku faʻa fehuʻi ki he tokotaha laukonga ʻa e Toni/houa. Fakamatala ki he koloa TAICHANG ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko ʻeni ko ha maʻuʻanga fakamatala ki he ʻuluaki fekumi ki he ngaahi misini ko ʻeni. Kapau ʻoku ke mahuʻingaʻia, fetuʻutaki ki he [email protected]

• Pellet ʻa e misini ʻo tanaki atu ki he TAICHANG loi ko ʻeni ʻoku tuʻu ʻi Shandong Siaina. Meʻa ʻe Malava ʻe he 0.8-1 ton/h fie maʻu ke malohi 55kW, lolotonga e malava ʻa 3-4 Toni/houa, fie maʻu ke malohi 220kW.

Ngaahi lelei ʻo e koloa ʻo e TAICHANG fakafehoanaki ki he koloa ʻoku ʻi ai e:

• ʻOku fakalakalaka lahi ʻa e Compactness ʻi he sipinga ʻo e misini. ʻOku ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e palani ke fakatupulaki ʻa e ala falalaʻanga ʻaki 4-6 taimi.
• ʻOku ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e abrasion lelei mo e fakafepaki maʻolunga labyrinth meʻangaue sila.
• Fakalahi ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻi ai e reducer, ohi ʻa e ʻea mokomoko ʻo mo e faʻahinga foʻou deflector e paletuʻa ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ha vela lelei dissipation ngaue.
• ʻOku fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e lubrication ʻo e misini kotoa ʻi he fakavaʻe ʻo e mafana ʻo e lolo ʻoku maʻulalo ange, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakaleleiʻi ʻa e ala falalaʻanga ʻo e tafa. Lolotonga, ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e totongi ki hono tokangaʻi koeʻuhi ko hono fakalahi ʻo e siakale ʻo e liliu ʻo e lolo.
• Maumauʻi e tukunga ʻo e misini pellet ʻoku ne no ʻa e ngaahi reducer angamaheni. ʻOku tau fakaʻaongaʻi ha reducer makehe ki he misini papa pellet.

Ko e ʻiuniti ʻo e kau sēketí ʻo hangē ko ʻene hā atu ʻi laló:

FOKOTUʻUTUʻU ʻO E PELLETS ʻO E MOHUKU

FOKOTUʻUTUʻU ʻO E LAINE PELLETS PAPA

KONGA KEHEKEHE ʻO E LAINE NGAOHI ʻO E PAPA PELLETS

ʻE lava ke ʻasi heni ʻa e totongi ʻo e misini mo e ngaahi meʻangaue mei he ngaahi kautaha faʻu koloa kehe.

• Tokotaha ngaohi kapeti ʻo e sipinga ʻIulope:

ʻOku ʻi ai e misini ʻo e misini ʻi Siamane (kuo fakaʻaongaʻi ha ngaahi koloa ʻe niʻihi ʻi he papa pellet Mila ʻi Surabaya).

Ko ha sipinga ʻo ha tokotaha ngaohi kapeti / Fale ngaohiʻanga UAP ʻi ʻInitonesia

ʻOku fai ʻe he Kaousel ʻa e ngaahi ngaue ngaue ʻi he hahake ʻo Siava, Siava Lotoloto, Sumatera, Kalimantan, mo Pāpua. ʻE hoko ʻa ʻInitonesia ko e taumuʻa ia ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fakataumuʻa ki ai ʻa e UAP ʻi he kahaʻu ʻi ʻEsia pea tautautefito ki he biopellet naʻe maʻu mei he naunau fale maumau, midrib ʻo e pame lolo, EFB, bagasse ʻo e tokotoko, mohukú, calliandra calothyrsus, efuefuʻi papa, etc.

• Sumatra Noate (Medan) Konga fakataimi Toba Green ngataʻanga ʻo e 2016 fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e pame EFB (EFB, tankos Paame) ki pellets tankos lolo ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ko ha BB ke talangofua ki he FONO ʻikai. 32 taʻu 2009. Ko e ngaahi lelei ʻo e pellet tankos pame ʻoku maʻulalo ʻa e ʻea hauhau, ivi malohi ʻo e ʻea vela, ko hono tokangaʻi & faingofua hono tukuʻanga koloa, feʻunga mo e founga poila ʻo e lattice, pea ʻomi ʻa e kohu maʻulalo. ʻOfaʻanga, meʻa ʻi loto >3%. Ngaue 1 Ton ʻo e FFB (Fuaʻiʻakau foʻou) maumauʻi ʻo e 0.23 ton ʻo e EFB; 0,13 Toni mesocarpfibre (filo); 0,06 Toni ngeʻesi fingota (ngeʻesi paame), pea mo 0.65 Toni ʻo e LCPKS (Ngaohiʻanga lolo Paame Effluent). EFB lolotonga e taimi ko ʻeni ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi pe ia ko ha compost (mulch). ʻOku kau ʻi he founga ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa: ʻIkai ke ʻi ai ha Crusher, ko ha founga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha me, Tataʻoʻanga ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha, Ko e Brunch ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha meʻa, Meʻa tofi, Misini fakamomoa, Misini Bricket, mo Bricket luo. Ngaahi Fakamahamahalo: EFB (ʻi TBS) ʻo e 23%, ʻa e malava kapau ko e VFD 30ton/j, EFB faʻu ~ 6.9 tonnes/j. ʻOku fie maʻu ha ʻiuniti ʻe taha shredder 7ton/HR. Ko hono fakanounouʻi ʻo e founga hono ngaohi ʻo e papa pellets: EFB laiki (ʻa e laiki), kosikosi (movetevete), haʻaki (thressing), lomiʻi (lomiʻi ʻi he) kae lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻi he vai, pea tufi ʻa e toenga ʻo e lolo; pea ʻi he conveyor ʻave ki he ʻiuniti fakamomoa (fakamōmoá), kosi (kosi, .max 2 ʻinisi) mo e ngaahi ala meʻa pehee ki pellet misini tankos. Ko e ivi ʻo e VFD 30 kilo/h pe 600 kilo/ʻaho, EFB 138ribu kg/ʻaho, Pellet EFB (40% ʻo e EFB) 55.200 kilo/ʻaho, Tilapia vela ʻa e Pellets tankos 17.660 kJ/kilo (4.640 kCal/kg), ʻa e vela ʻo e pellets 974.832.000 kJ/ʻaho. Kilo ʻe nima pellets tankos ʻa e tatau ʻo e 12 kilo ʻa LPG cylinder. Pellet e misini totongi tankos naʻe fai ʻi Siaina ~ 33.000 USD.

• Kep Riau: Ngaahi fakakaukau ʻi he fengaueʻaki mo e APP fakataimi (Achmadi Pasca Perintis) fakahoko ha savea ke fokotuʻu ha ngoue ʻo e vaotaa pea to ʻa e UAP ʻi he Phallus (Naʻe ʻi ai ha 604 motu lahi & siʻisiʻi).
• Siava Hihifo: To ʻa e UAP ʻi Ciamis, meʻa ʻe malava 2,500 Toni/mahina (60%maʻa e TON, 40% maʻá e LN) ʻI HE (Dahlan Iskan) naʻe ʻalu ki he fale ngaohiʻanga UAP (2x350kg/j, bahan ʻota KM) Fuʻufi kele, Kec. Cingambul, Kab. Majalengka; ki pthrough temipa ʻi Dukuh Semar, Cirebon, ʻa ia ʻoku feinga ke toe UAP.
• Ngaahi fakakaukau mo e konga fakataimi MBT (Tauʻataina ʻe tolu-fetuʻu) ʻi he fengaueʻaki ʻoku ne fakatupulaki ʻa e ivi kaliandra, pea mo e fale ngaohiʻanga UAP ʻi Sumedang, Kuningan, mo e Bandung.
• Jawa Tengah: papart Wood pellets ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi naunau fale ʻo e Pasifiki Tonga ʻi Jepara, Siava Lotoloto, ngaohi ʻa e UAP ʻi hono maumauʻi e toenga ʻo e naunau fale ʻi hono ngaohi ʻo e UAP-ʻoku manakoa ʻi Kolea Tonga (70,000 Toni/taʻu), koeʻuhi he ʻoku lelei ʻa e tuʻunga lelei (calorie maʻolunga, ʻOku fuʻu maʻulalo ʻaupito ʻa e kau poupou ki he kemikale mo e ash). ʻOku palani ha fuʻu ʻakau ʻe fa ʻoku palani ke langa ʻi he lotomalie ʻo e ngoue biomass ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe (Meki ʻo e 4 houa ʻe taha mei he malaʻe vakapuna fakavahaʻapuleʻanga).

• SPI FAKATAIMI (Paʻake ʻo e fetuʻu ʻInitonesia, ʻi Kalikajar, Wonosobo, Siava Lotoloto) ʻa ia naʻa ne fuofua kikiteʻi ko ha ngaue pailate ʻa e ngaahi faingamalie fakahu paʻanga ʻo biomass papa (pea pehe ki he fale ngaohiʻanga UAP) ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ʻInitonēsia mo e Lepupelika ʻo K (200,000 Ha) kuo maʻu fakalotofonua. Fakatau atu he taimi ni (Rp. 19,5 billion) ki he ngaahi faʻahi kehé (Naʻa mo e niʻihi ʻo e misini kuo ʻosi toʻo hifo, pea fakatau atu ki he konga).
• Semarang: Konga fakataimi Mahya Bioenergy, meʻa ʻe malava 2,000 Toni/mahina (.max 10,000 Toni/mahina), papa albasia, 4200-4600 kcal/kg, inisi honau matolu 8mm, e meʻa ʻi he hauhaú ʻo e 7-9%.
• Purworejo: KONGA FAKATAIMI EMI (Puleʻi ʻo e ivi ʻInitonesia) (ʻa e Siteiti ʻo fakafou ʻi hono subsidiary konga EBI) fai ʻa e kerma mo e puleʻanga ʻo Purworejo langa ha fale ngaohiʻanga foʻou naʻe maʻu mei he papa calliandra calothyrsus ʻaki ha ivi ʻo e 36.000 Toni/taʻu. Ko hono fokotuʻu ke feau e fie maʻu ʻa e UAP TON (250 Toni/ʻaho) mo e laine ʻo Siapani mo Kolea Tonga ʻoku fakautuutu ʻene tupu 250 Toni/ʻaho (10,000 Toni/mahina) ʻo fakafou ʻi he LOI. Feituʻu ngaohiʻanga ʻo e 10 Ha.
• ʻI Yogyakarta: ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi kautaha hu koloa ʻo e UAP (50 Toni/mahina) ki he Lepupelika ʻo Kōleá (mo Siapani) Ko ha konga fakataimi Greeno ʻo e ivi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha meʻa. ʻI he, Bangunjiwo, Tokoni, DIY. Ko e tefitoʻi naunau ʻota ko e efuefuʻi papa , ʻa ia ʻoku maʻu mei he Jateng & DIY, ʻOku ne maumauʻi ha biomass kehe ʻo hange ha laise, tokotoko suka pulp (bagasse), efu ʻo e tapaká, mo maumauʻi e paʻanga pepa. Naʻe tanaki atu ʻa e mahoaʻa Tapioca ki ai ko e Kulu fakapipiki.
• Siava Hahake (Paiton, Probolinggo): Konga pellet Biomass ʻInitonesia, ko ha tokotaha ngaohi kapeti ʻoku maʻolunga ʻa e UAP (kelolii 4600kcal/kg; ʻea hauhau 8%; ngaahi meʻa ʻi loto ʻi he 1.2%; ʻa e popoaki siʻisiʻi taha: 16 Toni; ko e taulanga ʻo Surabaya; taimi ʻoku ʻomi aí 1 māhina; L/F, T/T; lava ke maʻu: 2000 Toni/mahina).

• Madura: ʻEpeleli 2015, Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he matapa ʻo e CV Lestari ha fale ngaohiʻanga koloa naʻe tokangaʻi ʻe Ponpes Darul Ittihad ʻi he fuʻufi. Kombangan, Kec. Geger Kab. Bangkalan, Madura mo ha ivi ʻo e 1 ton/h, mo e papa calliandra calothyrsus fekauʻaki mo 12 Toni/ʻaho (1 ʻaho = 8 houa ʻe, ʻa e naunau viviku ʻoku ʻi ai e vai ʻo e 40%). Kapau ko e taʻu = 310 ngaahi ʻahó, pea ne toʻo leva ha naunau 12ton x 310 = 3720 Toni/taʻu, pe fie maʻu ke tuʻuta 3720/20 = 186 Ha. Ko ia ai, ʻa e ngoue ʻi he ʻaho, ʻataʻata pe 186 Ha/310 = 0.6 Ha. Ko e totongi fakatau ʻo e papa pellets KM Rp. ko e 1.6-2.5 miliona/ton. Lolotonga, fakatau atu ʻo e papa KM pe Rp. 367.000/ton. Hili hono tokangaʻi ʻo e faiva ʻe he ISE (Ngaahi FAKAKAUKAU ʻo e ivi ʻo e ʻunivesi, ngaahi misini rejuvenated ʻe he CV SBE, Suryabaja ʻenisinia), UAP 2 Toni/houa pe 25tons/ʻaho (ʻi he fotunga ʻo e KM mo e Kemlandingan) Naʻe ʻave ki Gresik, mo e PTPN 8 ʻi Pangalengan, Bandung (ki BB hono fakamomoa ʻo e lauʻiʻakau tii).Naʻe kamata ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau fakaʻaongaʻi fakalotofonua ʻa e UAP ko ha fetongi ʻo e LPG ʻa ia te ne lava ʻo fakahaofi ʻa e totongi ʻo e 47% ʻOku haʻu fakataha ia mo hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e sitou UAP ki ha kofukofu ʻe taha mo e UAP. ʻE fakatupulaki ʻa e fakakaukau ko ia ʻi Mamuju (sulawesi Hihifo) mo e Lombok Noate (NTB). Papa Kaliandra kulokula hili 14 ngaahi mahina ʻi he matapa ʻo e CV Lestari. Ko hono fokotuʻutuʻu lelei ʻo e 20 ton/ha/konifelenisi. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kakai fakalotofonua ʻa e ivi ngaue ʻo e ngoue kaliandra ʻi he feituʻu vaotaa ʻo e 214 Ha mo e fale ngaohiʻanga UAP 200 m2 (tokoni ICCTF, Liliu ʻe he ʻea ʻInitonesia ʻa e paʻanga falala). Lolotonga, ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e koloa ko e BB PLTBm 197kW. ISE design factory WP 1.5 Toni/h ʻi Bangkalan madura, Mamuju (sulawesi Hihifo) 2 ton/HR, Karangantu, Banten, mo e PLTBm ʻi he fuʻufi. Selengen & Fakaʻapaʻapa ʻi Lombok Utara, NTB. Papa pellet Mila Madura e torpor, ʻa e siʻisiʻi ʻo e misini pellet ʻoku maumau.

• Saute Kalimantan: Konga fakataimi Jhonlin Agro Mandiri (KONGA FAKATAIMI JA) langa ha fale ngaohiʻanga UAP ʻi he feituʻu ʻo e 2 Ha mo ha ivi ʻo e 4 Toni/houa mo e misini fakahangatonu. ʻOku maʻu ʻa e naunau ʻota mei he papa Jabon, Gmelina, Naʻe to ʻa Sengon mo Hesia ʻi he feituʻu fonua ʻo 15.000 Ha. Taumuʻa: export ʻa e WP ki he Kaousel mo ʻIulope.
• Konga fakataimi Inhutani III ʻoku ne ʻomi ʻa e naunau eucalyptus, Sengon, mo gamal ʻa ia ʻoku to ʻi he fonua ʻo e 5,000 Ha, Pelaihari, Kalsel, ki he fale ngaohiʻanga ʻo e ngaahi ngaueʻanga ʻa ia ʻoku langa ʻe he ngaahi ngaueʻanga SL Agro (ko ha subsidiary ʻo e Kaousel, Depian) mo ha ivi ʻo e 100,000 Toni (2015). ʻIkai ngata ai, ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he SLAI fakataimi ʻa e UAP mei he fale ngaohiʻanga ki he ngaahi kautaha Kolea Tonga. Ltd. Naʻe toe fakamoʻoni foki ʻa Kerma Inhutani III mo Siaina, mo ʻIniutani III ke teuteuʻi ʻa e fonua ko 5,000 Ha. PLTBm 2x10MW mo e ngaahi naunau ʻo e papa (140.000 Toni) ʻOku langa foki ke poupouʻi ʻa e fuʻu ʻakau malohi, ka naʻe fakatau atu ʻa e toenga ʻo e malohi ʻuhila ki he PLN.
• Sulawesi Hihifo (Mamuju): ʻe langa ʻa e fale ngaohiʻanga ʻo e fale ngaohiʻanga ʻe MCA-I (Tukupa ʻo e Nofotuʻi-ʻInitonesia) mo ha ivi ʻo e 600 Toni/mahina, pea ʻoku maʻu e ivi ʻo e ngoue mei he HTR (vaota ʻo e ngoueʻanga fakakolo) mo e HR (Vaota ʻo e kakai) Naʻe teuteuʻi ʻe kaliandra kulokula 748Ha. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe, ʻinivesitoa muli mei he Kaousel bara Indoco (Me 2018) fakamoleki ha paʻanga ʻo fakafou ʻi he IUPHHK (Laiseni pisinisi ʻo e koloa papa fakaʻaongaʻi) (Sengon & Calliandra) HTI 27.300 Ha (fekauʻaki mo e 700m3 ʻo e ʻakau, UAP 200,000 Toni/taʻu) ʻi he 3 ngaahi vahefonuá (tapalang ngaahi vahefonua iiki 14.865 Ha, Tommo, Kalumpang) ʻi Mamuju (sulawesi Hihifo). ʻAkau ʻo e 80,000 ʻe langa ʻa e Toni/taʻu ʻi he vahefonua Dappled. Kalukku.
• Pāpua: (Merauke) Ngaahi fakakaukau ʻi he fengaueʻaki mo e SIS fakataimi (Selaras Inti Semesta, Kulupu MEDCO) tataki ʻa e FS (Feasibility ako) ko hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi ngoue ʻo e vaotaa mo hono langa ʻo e fuʻu ʻakau ko e UAP.

Ko e palopalema ʻoku faʻa hoko ʻi he papa Pellet ʻInitonesia

Ko e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke ke fai kapau naʻe hoko ʻa e koloa ko hoʻo UAP ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai e meʻa ʻi loto mo e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e chlorine (ʻa e ion chloride) ʻOku maʻolunga ange ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻa pau naʻe kole ʻe he kasitoma?

Fai e founga Torrefaction (Tunu ʻaki e mao ʻo e vai), ʻi he kulupu (batch) Seinopolo ʻi ha mafana ʻo e 250-300 oC, ʻa e malohi ofi ki he malohi atmospheric, ʻikai ha ʻosikena / vai, ʻOku maʻulalo e vave ʻo e ʻea fakamafana (taimi nofoʻanga ʻo e 30-120 miniti ʻe). ʻOku tuluta ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e chlorine ʻo aʻu ki he 90%.

Ko ha founga ʻe taha: ʻOku ʻi ai ha vai maʻolunga ʻi he ʻuluaki viviku (Fo ʻa Toa, Hydrothermal Carbonization) fekeʻikeʻi (hydrothermal mitia, pressurized vai vela 20 paa, mo e taumuʻa ʻo e vai ʻoku tauhi ia ʻi he fotunga ʻo e huhuʻa ʻi ha mafana ʻo e 180-260 ° c , ʻa e taimi nofoʻanga 5-10 miniti ʻe), ha fale ngaohiʻanga pellet foʻou, ʻita, pea ʻave leva ki he kasitoma. ʻE hanga ʻe he vai ʻoku seeps ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi konga ʻo e biomass ʻo taʻofi ʻa e masima chloride mo e alkali. Ko hono ola, ʻOku kaka hake ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e vela ʻa e UAP, ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e chlorine, vai, pea holo e meʻa ʻi loto, pea ko e natula ʻo e UAP ʻoku faingataʻa ʻa e malala ʻoku namuʻi / malala

ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻe he tokotaha ʻInitonesia kotoa pe ʻoku lahi e fefie ʻa e fonua ki he penisini. Ko ia ai, ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa ʻInitonesia ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fonua ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi ngaueʻanga pellet lahi taha ʻi he mamani. Ko ha faingamalie ʻeni ke Indonesians maʻu ai ha paʻanga pea hoko ʻo koloaʻia vave ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo ha fale ngaohiʻanga papa pellet.

ʻOku fie maʻu ʻa e papa pellet ʻInitonesia ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e misiona ʻo e kasa ʻo e fale fakailiʻanga ʻakau ʻi he ʻ. Ko ha founga tauhi ia ki he papa pallet ko ha tefitoʻi naunau ʻoku ʻomi ki ha kaunga-fakakaumeʻa mo toloto ivi. Ko e meʻa lelei ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe he puleʻanga fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ni mo e ngoueʻanga tokoni hange ko e papa pellet ʻInitonesia mo ha paʻanga lahi ange. Kuo hoko ia ko e palani fakapisinisi lelei ki ha meʻa ʻe malava ke ʻinivesitoa fakatautaha ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau palopalema ʻi he fehangahangai mo e pisinisi ko ʻeni. Ko ia, monuʻia ke fili ʻa e papa lelei taha pellets kautaha ʻInitonesia.

Lau Foki mo e:

ʻOku ngaohi fefe ʻa e papa Pellets?

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